This technical guide explores the root causes of machine screw failure in high-vibration environments, revealing that 60-80% of failures stem from self-loosening rather than structural breakage. By detailing the mechanics of transverse slippage, preload decay, and fretting, the article provides actionable engineering solutions. Through a comparison of mechanical and chemical anti-loosening strategies, and a real-world packaging automation case study, manufacturers learn how upgrading to high-strength alloys and employing thread lockers can reduce fastener failure rates by over 65%.